Fritz Machlup

Fritz Machlup (15 de Dezembro de 1902 – 30 de Janeiro de 1983) foi um economista austro-americano. Ele foi notável por ser um dos primeiros economistas a examinar o conhecimento como um recurso econômico.

Fritz Machlup
Nascimento	15 de dezembro de 1902 Wiener Neustadt
Morte	30 de janeiro de 1983 (80 anos) Princeton
Cidadania	Estados Unidos, Áustria
Progenitores	Cécile Machlup
Alma mater	Universidade de Viena
Ocupação	economista, professor universitário
Distinções	Grand Officer of the Order of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria Bernhard Harms Prize (1974) Membro distinto da Associação Econômica Americana
Empregador(a)	Universidade de Princeton, Universidade de Nova Iorque
Assinatura
[edite no Wikidata]

Vida e Carreira

Nascido em Wiener-Neustadt, Áustria, perto de Viena; seu pai era um empresário que possuía duas fábricas de papelão. Ele adquiriu seu doutorado na Universidade de Viena. Ele fugiu do nazismo alemão para os Estados Unidos em 1933 e se tornou um cidadão estadunidense em 1940.

O trabalho-chave de Machlup foi The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States (A produção e distribuição do conhecimento nos Estados Unidos), de 1962, no qual é creditado com popularização o conceito de sociedade da informação.

Antes de sua morte ele completou o terceiro de uma série de volumes chamados Knowledge: Its Creation, Distribution, and Economic Significance (Conhecimento: sua criação, distribuição e significância econômica).

Machlup também é creditado de ter formado o Bellagio Group no início da década de 1960. Este grupo foi o antecessor direto do influente corpo de consultoria financeira, o Group of Thirty, no qual ele se tornou membro em 1979.

Trabalhos principais

• Die Goldkernwährung, 1925. (dissertação sobre Ludwig von Mises)
• "Transfer and Price Effects", 1930, ZfN.
• The Stock Market, Credit and Capital Formation, 1931.
• "The Liquidity of Short-Term Capital", 1932, Economica.
• "A Note on Fixed Costs", 1934, Quarterly Journal of Economics (QJE).
• "Professor Knight and the Period of Production", 1935, Journal of Political Economy (JPE).
• "The Commonsense of the Elasticity of Substitution", 1935, Review of Economic Studies (RES).
• "The Rate of Interest as Cost Factor and as a Capitalization Factor", 1935, American Economic Review (AER).
• "Why Bother with Methodology?", 1936, Economica.
• "On the Meaning of Marginal Product", 1937, Explorations in Economics.
• "Monopoly and Competition: A clarification of market positions", 1937, AER.
• "Evaluation of Practical Significance of the Theory of Monopolistic Competition", 1939, AER.
• "Period Analysis and Multiplier Theory", 1939, QJE.
• "The Theory of Foreign Exchange", 1939-40, Economica.
• "Eight Questions on Gold", 1941, AER.
• "Forced or Induced Savings: An exploration into its synonyms and homonyms", 1943, Review of Economics and Statistics (REStat).
• International Trade and the National Income Multiplier, 1943.
• "Marginal Analysis and Empirical Research", 1946, AER.
• "A Rejoinder to an Anti-Marginalist", 1947, AER.
• "Monopolistic Wage Determination as a Part of the General Problem of Monopoly", 1947, in Wage Determination and the Economics of Liberalism.
• "Elasticity Pessimism in International Trade", 1950, Economia Internazionale.
• "Three Concepts of the Balance of Payments and the So-Called Dollar Shortage", 1950, The Economic Journal (EJ).
• "Schumpeter's Economic Methodology", 1951, REStat.
• The Political Economy of Monopoly, 1952
• "The Characteristics and Classification of Oligopoly", 1952, Kyklos.
• The Economics of Sellers' Competition, 1952
• "Dollar Shortage and Disparities in the Growth of Productivity", 1954, Scottish JPE.
• "The Problem of Verification in Economics", 1955, Southern EJ.
• "Characteristics and Types of Price Discrimination", 1955, in Stigler, editor, Business Concentration and Price Policies.
• "Relative Prices and Aggregate Spending in the Analysis of Devaluation", 1955, AER.
• "The Inferiority Complex of the Social Sciences", 1956, in Sennholz, editor, On Freedom and Free Enterprise.
• "The Terms-of-Trade Effects of Devaluation upon Real Income and the Balance of Trade", 1956, Kyklos.
• "Professor Hicks' Revision of Demand Theory", 1957, AER.
• "Disputes, Paradoxes and Dilemmas Concerning Economic Development", 1957, RISE.
• "Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: Misplaced concreteness and disguised politics", 1958, EJ.
• "Can There Be Too Much Research?", 1958, Science.
• "Structure and Structural Change: Weaselwords and jargon", 1958, ZfN.
• "The Optimum Lag of Imitation Behind Innovation", 1958, Festskrift til Frederik Zeuthen.
• "Statics and Dynamics: Kaleidoscopic words", 1959, Southern EJ.
• Micro and Macro-Economics: Contested boundaries and claims of superiority, 1960.
• "Operational Concepts and Mental Constructs in Model and Theory Formation", 1960, GdE.
• "The Supply of Inventors and Inventions", 1960, WWA.
• "Another View of Cost-Push and Demand-Pull Inflation", 1960, REStat.
• "Are the Social Sciences Really Inferior?", 1961, Southern EJ.
• The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States, 1962.
• Essays in Economic Semantics, 1963.
• "Why Economists Disagree", 1964, Proceedings of APS.
• International Payments, Debts and Gold, 1964.
• "The Cloakroom Rule of International Reserve Creation and Resources Transfer", 1965, QJE.
• "Adjustment, Compensatory Correction and Financing of Imbalances in International Payments", 1965, in Baldwin et al., Trade, Growth and the Balance of Payments.
• "The Need for Monetary Reserves", 1966, Banca Nazionale del Lavoro, Quarterly Review (BNLQR).
• "Operationalism and Pure Theory in Economics", in Krupp, editor, The Structure of Economics.
• "Corporate Management, National Interest and Behavioral Theory", 1967, JPE.
• "Theories of the Firm: Marginalist, behavioral and managerial", 1967, AER.
• "If Matter Could Talk", 1969, in Morgenbesser et al., editors, Philosophy, Science and Methodology.
• "Liberalism and Choice of Freedoms", 1969, in Streissler et al., editors, Roads to Freedom: Essays in honor of Friedrich A. von Hayek.
• "Eurodollar Creation: A mystery story", 1970, BNLQR.
• "Homo Oeconomicus and His Class Mates", 1970, in Natanson, editor, Phenomenology and Social Reality.
• "The Universal Bogey", 1972, in Preston and Corry, editors, Essays in Honor of Lord Robbins.
• "Friedrich von Hayek's Contributions to Economics", 1974, Swedish JE.
• "A History of Thought on Economic Integration", 1977, Columbia University Press.