Império Seljúcida

Império Seljúcida
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Região	Médio Oriente; Ásia Central;
Capitais	Nixapur (1037–1043); Rei (1043–1051); Ispaã (1051–1118); Merve (1118–1153); Hamadã (1118–1194);
Países atuais	Afeganistão; Arábia Saudita; Armênia; Azerbaijão; Cazaquistão; Cuaite; Geórgia; Irã; Israel; Jordânia; Líbano; Omã; Quirguistão; Rússia; Síria; Tajiquistão; Turcomenistão; Turquia; Usbequistão;
Línguas oficiais	árabe; curdo; persa;
Religião	Islão sunita
Sultão
Período histórico	Idade Média

O Império Seljúcida (em persa: سلجوقیان) foi um império islâmico sunita medieval, persianizado ^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] de origem turco-persa^[5]^[6]^[7] fundado pelo ramo Qynyq dos turcos oguzes que controlavam uma área vasta que se estendia do Indocuche até a Anatólia oriental, e da Ásia Central ao Golfo Pérsico.

A partir de suas terras de origem, próximas ao mar de Aral, os turcos seljúcidas avançaram, primeiro para o Coração, e depois até a Pérsia continental, antes de conquistarem, afinal, a porção leste da Anatólia.

Referências

↑ M.A. Amir-Moezzi, Encyclopaedia Iranica . ("Shahrbanu"): "... here one might bear in mind that non-Persian dynasties such as the Ghaznavids, Saljuqs and Ilkhanids were rapidly to adopt the Persian language and have their origins traced back to the ancient kings of Persia rather than to Turkish heroes or Muslim saints ..."
↑ Meri, Josef W. Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, Routledge, 2005, p. 399
↑ Mandelbaum, Michael. "Central Asia and the World", Council on Foreign Relations (Maio de 1994), p. 79
↑ Dewald, Jonathan. "Europe 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World", Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004, p. 24: "Turcoman armies coming from the East had driven the Byzantines out of much of Asia Minor and established the Persianized sultanate of the Seljuks."
↑ Johanson, Lars, Éva Csató e Eva Agnes Csato, The Turkic Languages, (Routledge, 1988), 23.
↑ Grousset, Rene, The Empire of the Steppes, (Rutgers University Press, 1991), 161,164; "..renewed the Seljuk attempt to found a great Turko-Persian empire in eastern Iran..", "It is to be noted that the Seljuks, those Turkomans who became sultans of Persia, did not Turkify Persia-no doubt because they did not wish to do so. On the contrary, it was they who voluntarily became Persians and who, in the manner of the great old Sassanid kings, strove to protect the Iranian populations from the plundering of Ghuzz bands and save Iranian culture from the Turkoman menace."
↑ Shaw, Wendy M. K. Possessors and possessed: museums, archaeology, and the visualization of history in the late Ottoman Empire. University of California Press, 2003, ISBN 0520233352, 9780520233355; p. 5.

Bibliografia

TETLEY, G. E. The Ghaznavid and Seljuk Turks: Poetry as a Source for Iranian History, Abingdon 2008, ISBN 978-0-415-43119-4
Jackson, P. (2002). Review: The History of the Seljuq Turks: The History of the Seljuq Turks.Journal of Islamic Studies 2002 13(1):75-76; doi:10.1093/jis/13.1.75.Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies.
Bosworth, C. E. (2001). Notes on Some Turkish Names in Abu 'l-Fadl Bayhaqi's Tarikh-i Mas'udi. Oriens, Vol. 36, 2001 (2001), pp. 299-313.
Dani, A. H., Masson, V. M. (Eds), Asimova, M. S. (Eds), Litvinsky, B. A. (Eds), Boaworth, C. E. (Eds). (1999). History of Civilizations of Central Asia. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers (Pvt. Ltd).
Hancock, I. (2006). ON ROMANI ORIGINS AND IDENTITY. The Romani Archives and Documentation Center. The University of Texas at Austin.
Asimov, M. S., Bosworth, C. E. (eds.). (1998). History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Vol. IV: The Age of Achievement: AD 750 to the End of the Fifteenth Century, Part One: The Historical, Social and Economic Setting. Multiple History Series. Paris: UNESCO Publishing.
Dani, A. H., Masson, V. M. (Eds), Asimova, M. S. (Eds), Litvinsky, B. A. (Eds), Boaworth, C. E. (Eds). (1999). History of Civilizations of Central Asia. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers (Pvt. Ltd).

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[Shahrbanu-1] M.A. Amir-Moezzi, Encyclopaedia Iranica . ("Shahrbanu"): "... here one might bear in mind that non-Persian dynasties such as the Ghaznavids, Saljuqs and Ilkhanids were rapidly to adopt the Persian language and have their origins traced back to the ancient kings of Persia rather than to Turkish heroes or Muslim saints ..."

[2] Meri, Josef W. Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, Routledge, 2005, p. 399

[3] Mandelbaum, Michael. "Central Asia and the World", Council on Foreign Relations (Maio de 1994), p. 79

[4] Dewald, Jonathan. "Europe 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World", Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004, p. 24: "Turcoman armies coming from the East had driven the Byzantines out of much of Asia Minor and established the Persianized sultanate of the Seljuks."

[5] Johanson, Lars, Éva Csató e Eva Agnes Csato, The Turkic Languages, (Routledge, 1988), 23.

[6] Grousset, Rene, The Empire of the Steppes, (Rutgers University Press, 1991), 161,164; "..renewed the Seljuk attempt to found a great Turko-Persian empire in eastern Iran..", "It is to be noted that the Seljuks, those Turkomans who became sultans of Persia, did not Turkify Persia-no doubt because they did not wish to do so. On the contrary, it was they who voluntarily became Persians and who, in the manner of the great old Sassanid kings, strove to protect the Iranian populations from the plundering of Ghuzz bands and save Iranian culture from the Turkoman menace."

[7] Shaw, Wendy M. K. Possessors and possessed: museums, archaeology, and the visualization of history in the late Ottoman Empire. University of California Press, 2003, ISBN 0520233352, 9780520233355; p. 5.

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