Lista de primatas fósseis
Esta é uma lista de primatas fósseis - primatas extintos pelos quais são conhecidos fósseis. Primatas evoluíram de mamíferos não especializados, pequenos, e que se alimentavam de insetos e frutos. Entretanto, a origem dos primatas é controversa, inclusive, se sua origem provém de um ancestral arborícola é questionável.[1] Como tem sido sugerido, muitos outras ordens de mamíferos são arborícolas e não desenvolveram as mesmas características dos primatas. Atualmente, alguns gêneros bem conhecidos, como Plesiadapis e Purgatorius, embora considerados como mais antigos primatas, não têm sido considerados como tal por alguns autores recentes, que tendem a inclui-los em uma outra ordem, Plesiadapiformes, dentro da superordem Euarchontoglires.[2] Alguns, para evitar confusão, utilizam o termo Euprimata, excluindo Plesiadapiformes. Tal denominação não é usada aqui.
Há um debate também de quando os primeiros primatas surgiram. Um dos provavelmente mais antigos fósseis de primatas é o controverso Altiatlasius koulchii, provavelmente um Omomyidae, mas talvez seja um não-primata Plesiadapiforme, que viveu no Marrocos, no Paleoceno, há cerca de 60 milhões de anos.[1] Porém, outros estudos, incluindo aqueles com relógio molecular, estimam que a origem dos primatas é do Cretáceo Médio, há cerca de 85 milhões de anos, antes da extinção dos dinossauros e da bem sucedida radiação de mamíferos.[3][4][5] Apesar disso, é consenso o monofiletismo da ordem, apesar de sua origem não ser clara.[6] Não há fósseis diretamente aparentados aos grandes macacos africanos, e nenhum fóssil conhecido pode ser considerado como o último ancestral comum entre estes e os seres humanos.[7]
A seguinte lista se baseia no livro de Walter Carl Hartwig,The Fossil Primate Record.[8] Parênteses em nomes de autores e datas indicam mudanças no gênero do fóssil, de acordo com Código Internacional de Nomenclatura Zoológica.[9]
Grupo basal a Strepsirrhini
editar-
- Algeripithecus Godinot & Mahboubi, 1992
- Algeripithecus minutus Godinot & Mahboubi, 1992
- Azibius Sudre, 1975
- Azibius trerki Sudre, 1975
- Djebelemuridae Hartenberger and Marandat, 1992[11]
-
- Djebelemur martinezi Hartenberger & Marandat, 1992
- sem nome ('Anchomomys')
- 'Anchomomys' milleri Simons, 1997[12]
Adapiformes, incertae sedis
editar- Lushius Chow, 1961
- Lushius qinlinensis Chow, 1961
- Panobius afridi Russell & Gingerich, 1987
- Omanodon minor Gheerbrant et al., 1993
- Shizarodon dhofarensis Gheerbrant et al., 1993
- Muangthanhinius siami Marivaux et al., 2006.
- Laomaki Ni et al. 2016
- Notharctidae Trouessart, 1879
- Notharctinae Trouessart, 1879
- Cantius Simons, 1962
- Cantius abditus (Gingerich & Simmons, 1977)
- Cantius angulatus (Cope, 1875)
- Cantius antediluvius Kihm, 1992
- Cantius eppsi Cooper, 1932
- Cantius frugivorus (Cope, 1875)
- Cantius mckennai (Gingerich & Simons, 1977)
- Cantius nuniensis (Cope, 1881)
- Cantius ralstoni (Matthew, 1915)
- Cantius savagei Gingerich, 1977
- Cantius torresi Gingerich, 1986
- Cantius trigonodus (Matthew, 1915)
- Copelemur Gingerich & Simons, 1977
- Copelemur australotutus Beard, 1988
- Copelemur praetutus (Gazin, 1962)
- Copelemur tutus (Cope, 1877)
- Hesperolemur Gunnell, 1995
- Hesperolemur actius Gunnell, 1995
- Notharctus Leidy, 1870
- Notharctus pugnax Granger & Gregory, 1917
- Notharctus robustior Leidy, 1870
- Notharctus tenebrosus Leidy, 1870
- Notharctus venticolus Osborn, 1902
- Pelycodus Cope, 1875
- Pelycodus danielsae Froehlich & Lucas, 1991
- Pelycodus jarrovii (Cope, 1874)
- Smilodectes Wortman, 1903
- Smilodectes gingerichi (Beard, 1988)
- Smilodectes gracilis (Marsh, 1871)
- Smilodectes mcgrewi Gingerich, 1979
- Cantius Simons, 1962
- Cercamoniinae Gingerich, 1975
- Aframonius Simons et al., 1995
- Aframonius diedes Simons et al., 1995
- Agerinia Crusafont-Pairo & Golpe-Posse, 1973
- Agerinia roselli Crusafont-Pairo & Golpe-Posse, 1973
- Anchomomys Stehlin, 1916
- Anchomomys crocheti (Godinot, 1988)
- Anchomomys gaillardi Stehlin, 1916
- Anchomomys pygmaeus (Rütimeyer, 1890)
- Anchomomys quercy (Stehlin, 1916)
- Barnesia Thalmann, 1994
- Barnesia hauboldi Thalmann, 1994
- Buxella Godinot, 1988
- Buxella magna Godinot, 1988
- Buxella prisca Godinot, 1988
- Caenopithecus Rütimeyer, 1862
- Caenopithecus lemuroides Rütimeyer, 1862
- Cercamonius Gingerich, 1975
- Cercamonius brachyrhynchus Gingerich, 1975
- Darwinius Franzen et al., 2009[13]
- Darwinius masillae Franzen et al., 2009[13]
- Donrussellia Szalay, 1976
- Donrussellia gallica (Russell, Louis & Savage, 1967)
- Donrussellia louisi
- Donrussellia magna
- Donrussellia provincialis
- Donrussellia russelli
- Europolemur Weigelt, 1933
- Europolemur dunaifi (Tattersall & Schwartz, 1983)
- Europolemur klatti Weigelt, 1933
- Europolemur koenigswald Franzen, 1987
- Mahgarita Wilson & Szalay, 1976
- Mahgarita stevensi Wilson & Szalay, 1976
- Pericodon Stehlin, 1916
- Pericodon helleri (Schwartz et al., 1983)
- Pericodon helveticus (Rütimeyer, 1891)
- Pericodon huerzeleri Gingerich, 1977
- Pericodon jaegeri Godinot, 1988
- Pericodon lemoinei Gingerich, 1977
- Protoadapis Lemoine, 1878
- Protoadapis angustidens (Filhol, 1888)
- Protoadapis brachyrhynchus Stehlin, 1912
- Protoadapis curvicuspidens (Lemoine, 1878)
- Protoadapis ignoratus
- Protoadapis muechelnensis
- Protoadapis recticuspidens
- Protoadapis weigelti
- Pronycticebus Grandidier, 1904
- Pronycticebus gaudryi Grandidier, 1904
- Pronycticebus neglectus
- Aframonius Simons et al., 1995
- Notharctinae Trouessart, 1879
- Adapidae Trouessart, 1879
- Adapinae Trouesart, 1879
- Adapis Cuvier, 1821
- Adapis bruni
- Adapis collinsonae (Hooker, 1986)
- Adapis parisiensis de Blainville, 1841
- Adapis sudrei Gingerich, 1977
- Adapoides Beard et al., 1994
- Adapoides troglodytes Beard et al., 1994
- Cryptadapis Godinot, 1984
- Cryptadapis laharpei Godinot, 1984
- Cryptadapis tertius Godinot, 1984
- Leptadapis Gervais, 1876
- Leptadapis assolicus
- Leptadapis capellae (Crusafont-Pairo, 1967)
- Leptadapis leenhardti (Stehlin, 1912)
- Leptadapis magnus (Filhol, 1874)
- Leptadapis priscus (Stehlin, 1916)
- Leptadapis ruetimeyeri (Stehlin, 1912)
- Microadapis Szalay, 1974
- Microadapis lynnae
- Microadapis sciureus (Stehlin, 1916)
- Palaeolemur Delfortrie, 1873
- Palaeolemur betillei Delfortrie, 1873
- Adapis Cuvier, 1821
- Adapinae Trouesart, 1879
- Sivaladapidae Thomas & Verma, 1979
- Sivaladapinae Thomas & Verma, 1979
- Guangxilemur Qi & Beard, 1998
- Guangxilemur tongi Qi & Beard, 1998
- Hoanghonius Zdansky, 1930
- Hoanghonius stehlini Zdansky, 1930
- Indraloris Lewis, 1933
- Indraloris himalayensis (Pilgrim, 1932)
- Rencunius Gingerich et al., 1994
- Rencunius zhoui Gingerich et al., 1994
- Sinoadapis Wu & Pan, 1985
- Sinoadapis carnosus Wu & Pan, 1985
- Sivaladapis Gingerich & Sahni, 1979
- Sivaladapis nagrii (Prasad, 1970)
- Sivaladapis palaendicus (Pilgrim, 1932)
- Wailekia Ducrocq et al., 1995
- Wailekia orientale Ducrocq et al., 1995
- Guangxilemur Qi & Beard, 1998
- Sivaladapinae Thomas & Verma, 1979
- Lorisidae Gray, 1821
- Karanisia Seiffert et al., 2003
- Karanisia clarki Seiffert et al., 2003
- Mioeuoticus Leakey, 1962
- Mioeuoticus bishopi Leakey, 1962
- Mioeuoticus shipmani Phillips & Walker, 2000
- Nycticeboides Jacobs, 1981
- Nycticeboides simpsoni Jacobs, 1981
- Galagidae Gray, 1825
- Wadilemur Simons, 1997
- Wadilemur elegans Simons, 1997[11]
- Progalago MacInnes, 1943
- Progalago dorae MacInnes, 1943
- Progalago songhorensis Simpson, 1967
- Komba Simspon, 1967
- Komba minor Le Gros Clark & Thomas, 1952
- Komba robustus Le Gros Clark & Thomas, 1952
- Komba winamensis McCrossin, 1992
- Galago Geoffroy, 1796
- Galago farafraensis Pickford, Wanas & Soliman, 2006
- Galago howelli Wesselman, 1984
- Galago sadimanensis Walker, 1987
- Plesiopithecidae Simons and Rasmussen, 1994[14]
- Plesiopithecus Simons, 1992
- Plesiopithecus teras Simons, 1992
- Archaeolemuridae G. Grandier, 1905
- Archaeolemur Filhol, 1895
- Archaeolemur edwardsi Filhol, 1895
- Archaeolemur majori Filhol, 1895
- Hadropithecus Lorenz von Liburnau, 1899
- Hadropithecus stenognathus Lorenz von Liburnau, 1899
- Palaeopropithecidae Tattersall, 1973
- Mesopropithecus Standing, 1905
- Mesopropithecus dolichobrachion Simons et al., 1995
- Mesopropithecus globiceps Lamberton, 1936
- Mesopropithecus pithecoides Standing, 1905
- Babakotia Godfrey et al., 1990
- Babakotia radofilai Godfrey et al., 1990
- Palaeopropithecus G. Grandidier, 1899
- Palaeopropithecus ingens G. Grandidier, 1899
- Palaeopropithecus kelyus Gommery et al., 2010
- Palaeopropithecus maximus Standing, 1903
- Archaeoindris Standing, 1909
- Archaeoindris fontoynontii Standing, 1909
- Megaladapidae Forsyth-Major, 1894
- Megaladapis Forsyth-Major, 1894
- Subgenus: Megaladapis
- Megaladapis (Megaladapis) grandidieri Standing, 1903
- Megaladapis (Megaladapis) madagascariensis Forsyth-Major, 1894
- Subgenus: Peloriadapis
- Megaladapis (Peloriadapis) edwardsi Grandidier, 1899
- Lemuridae Gray, 1821
- Pachylemur Lamberton, 1946
- Pachylemur insignis Filhol, 1895
- Pachylemur jullyi Lamberton, 1948
- Daubentoniidae Gray, 1863[15]
- Daubentonia É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1795
- Daubentonia robusta Lamberton, 1934
Tarsiiformes, incertae sedis
editar- Ekgmowechashala Macdonald, 1963
- Ekgmowechashala philotau Macdonald, 1963
- Kohatius Russell & Gingerich, 1980
- Kohatius coppensi Russell & Gingerich, 1980
- Altanius Dashzeveg & McKenna, 1977
- Altanius orlovi Dashzeveg & McKenna, 1977
- Altiatlasius Sigé et al., 1990
- Altiatlasius koulchii Sigé et al., 1990
- Afrotarsius Simons & Brown, 1985
- Omomyidae Trouessart, 1879
- Microchoerinae Lydekker, 1887
- Microchoerus Wood, 1846
- Microchoerus creechbarrowensis Hooker, 1986
- Microchoerus edwardsi Filhol, 1880
- Microchoerus erinaceus Wood, 1846
- Microchoerus ornatus Stehlin, 1916
- Microchoerus wardi Hooker, 1986
- Necrolemur Filhol, 1873
- Necrolemur antiquus Filhol, 1873
- Necrolemur zitteli Schlosser, 1887
- Nannopithex Stehlin, 1916
- Nannopithex filholi Chantre & Gaillard, 1897
- Nannopithex humilidens Thalmann, 1994
- Nannopithex quaylei Hooker, 1986
- Nannopithex raabi Heller, 1930
- Nannopithex zuccolae Godinot et al., 1992
- Pseudoloris Stehlin, 1916
- Pseudoloris crusafonti Louis & Sudre, 1975
- Pseudoloris godinoti Köhler & Moyà-Solà, 1999
- Pseudoloris isabenae Crusafont-Pairo, 1967
- Pseudoloris parvulus Filhol, 1890
- Microchoerus Wood, 1846
- Anaptomorphinae Cope, 1883
- Tribus: Anaptomorphini
- Anaptomorphus Cope, 1872
- Anaptomorphus aemulus Cope, 1872
- Anaptomorphus westi Szalay, 1976
- Tetonius Matthew, 1915
- Tetonius homunculus Cope, 1882
- Tetonius matthewi Bown & Rose, 1987
- Tetonius mckennai Bown & Rose, 1987
- Absarokius Matthew, 1915
- Absarokius abbotti Loomis, 1906
- Absarokius australis Bown & Rose, 1987
- Absarokius nocerai Robinson, 1966
- Absarokius metoecus Bown & Rose, 1987
- Absarokius witteri Morris, 1954
- Teilhardina Simpson, 1940
- Teilhardina americana Bown, 1976
- Teilhardina asiatica Ni et al., 2004
- Teilhardina belgica Teilhard de Chardin, 1927
- Teilhardina brandti Gingerich, 1993
- Teilhardina crassidens Bown & Rose, 1987
- Teilhardina demissa Rose, 1995
- Teilhardina tenuicula Jepsen, 1930
- Anemorhysis Gazin, 1958
- Anemorhysis natronensis Beard et al., 1992
- Anemorhysis pattersoni Bown & Rose, 1984
- Anemorhysis pearcei Gazin, 1962
- Anemorhysis savagei Williams & Covert, 1994
- Anemorhysis sublettensis Gazin, 1952
- Anemorhysis wortmani Bown & Rose, 1984
- Chlororhysis Gazin, 1958
- Chlororhysis incomptus Bown & Rose, 1984
- Chlororhysis knightensis Gazin, 1958
- Pseudotetonius Bown, 1974
- Pseudotetonius ambiguus Bown, 1974
- Arapahovius Savage & Waters, 1978
- Arapahovius advena Bown & Rose, 1991
- Arapahovius gazini Savage & Waters, 1978
- Aycrossia Bown, 1979
- Aycrossia lovei Bown, 1979
- Strigorhysis Bown, 1979
- Strigorhysis bridgerensis Bown, 1979
- Strigorhysis huerfanensis Bown & Rose, 1987
- Strigorhysis rugosus Bown, 1979
- Gazinius Bown, 1979
- Gazinius amplus Bown, 1979
- Gazinius bowni Gunnell, 1995
- Tatmanius Bown & Rose, 1991
- Tatmanius szalayi Bown & Rose, 1991
- Anaptomorphus Cope, 1872
- Tribus: Trogolemurini
- Trogolemur Matthew, 1909
- Trogolemur amplior Beard et al., 1992
- Trogolemur fragilis Beard et al., 1992
- Trogolemur myodes Matthew, 1909
- Sphacorhysis Gunnell, 1995
- Sphacorhysis burntforkensis Gunnell, 1995
- Trogolemur Matthew, 1909
- Omomyinae Trouessart, 1879
- Tribus: Omomyiini
- Omomys Leidy, 1869
- Omomys carteri Leidy, 1869
- Omomys lloydi Gazin, 1958
- Steinius Bown & Rose, 1984
- Steinius annectens Bown & Rose, 1991
- Steinius vespertinus Matthew, 1915
- Chumashius Stock, 1933
- Chumashius balchi Stock, 1933
- Omomys Leidy, 1869
- Tribus: Washakiini
- Washakius Leidy, 1873
- Washakius insignis Leidy, 1873
- Washakius izetti Honey, 1990
- Washakius laurae Simpson, 1959
- Washakius woodringi Stock, 1938
- Shoshonius Granger, 1910
- Shoshonius bowni Honey, 1990
- Shoshonius cooperi Granger, 1910
- Dyseolemur Stock, 1934
- Dyseolemur pacificus Stock, 1934
- Loveina Simpson, 1940
- Loveina minuta Loomis, 1906
- Loveina wapitiensis Gunnell et al., 1992
- Loveina zephyri Simspon, 1940
- Washakius Leidy, 1873
- Tribus: Utahiini
- Subtribus: Utahiina
- Utahia Gazin, 1958
- Utahia kayi Gazin, 1958
- Stockia Gazin, 1958
- Stockia powayensis Gazin, 1958
- Chipetaia Rasmussen, 1996
- Chipetaia lamporea Rasmussen, 1996
- Asiomomys Wang & Li, 1990
- Asiomomys changbaicus Wang & Li, 1990
- Utahia Gazin, 1958
- Subtribus: Mytoniina
- Wyomomys Gunnell, 1995
- Wyomomys bridgeri Gunnell, 1995
- Ageitodendron Gunnell, 1995
- Ageitodendron matthewi Gunnell, 1995
- Ourayia Gazin, 1958
- Ourayia hopsoni Robinson, 1968
- Ourayia uintensis Osborn, 1895
- Wyomomys Gunnell, 1995
- Tribus: Macrotarsiini
- Macrotarsius Clark, 1941
- Macrotarsius jepseni Robinson, 1968
- Macrotarsius macrorhysis Beard et al., 1994
- Macrotarsius montanus Clark, 1941
- Macrotarsius roederi Kelly, 1990
- Macrotarsius siegerti Robinson, 1968
- Hemiacodon Marsh, 1872
- Hemiacodon casamissus Beard et al., 1992
- Hemiacodon gracilis Marsh, 1872
- Yaquius Mason, 1990
- Yaquius travisi Mason, 1990
- Macrotarsius Clark, 1941
- Tribus: Uintaniini
- Uintanius Matthew, 1915
- Uintanius ameghini Wortman, 1904
- Uintanius rutherfurdi Robinson, 1966
- Jemezius Beard, 1987
- Jemezius szalayi Beard, 1987
- Uintanius Matthew, 1915
- Tribus: Rooneyini
- Rooneyia Wilson, 1966
- Rooneyia viejaensis Wilson, 1966
- Rooneyia Wilson, 1966
- Microchoerinae Lydekker, 1887
- Tarsiidae Gray, 1825
- Tarsius Storr, 1780
- Tarsius eocaenus Beard & al, 1994
- Tarsius thailandicus Ginsburg & Mein, 1987
- Xanthorhysis Beard, 1998
- Xanthorhysis tabrumi Beard, 1998
Simiiformes, incertae sedis
editar- Arsinoea Simons, 1992
- Arsinoea kallimos Simons, 1992
- Afrotarsiidae Ginsburg & Mein, 1987
- Afrotarsius Simons & Bown, 1985
- Afrotarsius chatrathi Simons & Bown, 1985
- Eosimiidae Beard et al., 1994
- Eosimias Beard et al., 1994
- Eosimias centennicus Beard et al., 1996
- Eosimias sinensis Beard et al., 1994
- Bahinia Jaeger et al., 1999
- Bahinia pondaungensis Jaeger et al., 1999
- Amphipithecidae Godinot, 1994
- Pondaungia Pilgrim, 1927
- Pondaungia cotteri Pilgrim, 1927
- Amphipithecus Colbert, 1937
- Amphipithecus mogaungensis Colbert, 1937
- Siamopithecus Chaimanee et al., 1997
- Siamopithecus eocaenus Chaimanee et al., 1997
- Proteopithecidae Simons, 1997
- Proteopithecus Simons, 1989
- Proteopithecus sylviae Simons, 1989
- Serapia Simons, 1992
- Serapia eocaena Simons, 1992
- Parapithecidae Schlosser, 1911
- Apidium Osborn, 1908
- Apidium bowni Simons, 1995
- Apidium moustafai Simons, 1962
- Apidium phiomense Osborn, 1908
- Parapithecus Schlosser, 1910
- Parapithecus fraasi Schlosser, 1910
- Parapithecus grangeri Simons, 1974
- Qatrania Simons & Kay, 1983
- Qatrania fleaglei Simons & Kay, 1988
- Qatrania wingi Simons & kay, 1983
- Biretia Bonis et al., 1988
- Biretia piveteaui Bonis et al., 1988
- Biretia fayumensis Seiffert et al., 2005
- Biretia megalopsis Seiffert et al., 2005
- Atelidae Gray, 1825
- Pitheciinae Mivart, 1865
- Tribus: Callicebini
- Xenothrix Williams & Koopman, 1952
- Xenothrix mcgregori Williams & Koopman, 1952
- Antillothrix MacPhee et al., 1995
- Antillothrix bernensis Rímoli, 1977
- Paralouatta Rivero & Arredondo, 1991
- Paralouatta varonai Rivero & Arredondo, 1991
- Paralouatta marianae
- Xenothrix Williams & Koopman, 1952
- Tribus: Pitheciini
- Soriacebus Fleagle et al., 1987
- Soriacebus adrianae Fleagle, 1990
- Soriacebus ameghinorum Fleagle et al., 1987
- Proteropithecia Kay et al., 1999
- Proteropithecia neuquenensis Kay et al., 1998
- Cebupithecia Stirton & Savage, 1951
- Cebupithecia sarmientoi Stirton & Savage, 1951
- Nuciruptor Meldrum & Kay, 1997
- Nuciruptor rubricae Meldrum & Kay, 1997
- Soriacebus Fleagle et al., 1987
- Tribus: Homunculini
- Homunculus Ameghino, 1891
- Homunculus patagonicus Ameghino, 1891
- Carlocebus Fleagle, 1990
- Carlocebus carmenensis Fleagle, 1990
- Carlocebus intermedius Fleagle, 1990
- Homunculus Ameghino, 1891
- Atelinae Gray, 1825
- Tribus: Alouattini
- Stirtonia Hershkovitz, 1970
- Stirtonia tatacoensis Stirton, 1951
- Stirtonia victoriae Kay et al., 1987
- Stirtonia Hershkovitz, 1970
- Tribus: Atelini
- Caipora Cartelle & Hartwig, 1996
- Caipora bambuiorum Cartelle & Hartwig, 1996
- Caipora Cartelle & Hartwig, 1996
- Atelinae, incertae sedis
- Protopithecus Lund, 1838
- Protopithecus brasiliensis Lund, 1838
- Protopithecus Lund, 1838
- Cebidae Bonaparte, 1831
- Cebinae Bonaparte, 1831
- Tribus: Saimiriini
- Neosaimiri Stirton, 1951
- Neosaimiri fieldsi Stirton, 1951
- Laventiana Rosenberger et al., 1991
- Laventiana annectens Rosenberger et al., 1991
- Dolichocebus Kraglievich, 1951
- Dolichocebus gaimanensis Kraglievich, 1951
- Neosaimiri Stirton, 1951
- Cebinae, incertae sedis
- Chilecebus Flynn & al, 1995
- Chilecebus carrascoensis Flynn & al, 1995
- Chilecebus Flynn & al, 1995
- Aotinae Elliot, 1913
- Aotus Illiger, 1811
- Aotus dindensis Setoguchi & Rosenberger, 1987
- Aotus Illiger, 1811
- Aotinae, incertae sedis
- Tremacebus Hershkovitz, 1974
- Tremacebus harringtoni Rusconi, 1933
- Tremacebus Hershkovitz, 1974
- Callitrichinae Thomas, 1903
- Tribus: Callimiconi
- Mohanamico Luchterhand et al., 1986
- Mohanamico hershkovitzi Luchterhand et al., 1986
- Mohanamico Luchterhand et al., 1986
- Callitrichinae, incertae sedis
- Patasola Kay & Meldrum, 1997
- Patasola magdalenae Kay & Meldrum, 1997
- Lagonimico Kay, 1994
- Lagonimico conclutatus Kay, 1994
- Micodon Setoguchi & Rosenberger, 1985
- Micodon kiotensis Setoguchi & Rosenberger, 1985
- Patasola Kay & Meldrum, 1997
Platyrrhini, incertae sedis
editar- Branisella Hoffstetter, 1969
- Branisella boliviana Hoffstetter, 1969
Catarrhini, incertae sedis
editar- Limnopithecus Hopwood, 1933
- Limnopithecus evansi MacInnes, 1943
- Limnopithecus legetet Hopwood, 1933
- Kalepithecus Harrison, 1988
- Kalepithecus songhorensis Andrews, 1978
- Kamoyapithecus Leakey et al., 1995
- Kamoyapithecus hamiltoni Madden, 1980
- Oligopithecidae Kay & Williams, 1994
- Catopithecus Simons, 1989
- Catopithecus browni Simons, 1989
- Oligopithecus Simons, 1962
- Oligopithecus rogeri Gheerbrant et al., 1995
- Oligopithecus savagei Simons, 1962
- Propliopithecidae Straus, 1961
- Moeripithecus Schlosser, 1910
- Moeripithecus markgrafi Schlosser, 1910
- Propliopithecus Schlosser, 1910
- Propliopithecus ankeli Simons et al., 1987
- Propliopithecus chirobates Simons, 1965
- Propliopithecus haeckeli Schlosser, 1910
- Aegyptopithecus Simons, 1965
- Aegyptopithecus zeuxis Simons, 1965
- Piopithecidae Zapfe, 1960
- Dionysopithecinae
- Dionysopithecus Li, 1978
- Dionysopithecus orientalis Suteethorn et al., 1990
- Dionysopithecus shuangouensis Li, 1978
- Platodonpithecus Li, 1978
- Platodonpithecus jianghuaiensis Li, 1978
- Dionysopithecus Li, 1978
- Pliopitheciinae
- Pliopithecus Gervais, 1849
- Pliopithecus antiquus Gervais, 1849
- Pliopithecus piveteaui Hürzeler, 1954
- Pliopithecus platyodon Bidermann, 1863
- Pliopithecus zhanxiangi Harrison et al., 1991
- Epipliopithecus Zapfe & Hürzeler, 1957
- Epipliopithecus vindobonensis Zapfe & Hürzeler, 1957
- Egarapithecus Moyà-Solà et al., 2001
- Egarapithecus narcisoi Moyà-Solà et al., 2001
- Pliopithecus Gervais, 1849
- Dionysopithecinae
- Crouzeliidae
- Cruouzeliinae Ginsburg & Mein, 1980
- Plesiopliopithecus Zapfe, 1961
- Plesiopliopithecus auscitanensis Bergounioux & Crouzel, 1965
- Plesiopliopithecus lockeri Zapfe, 1961
- Plesiopliopithecus priensis Welcomme et al., 1991
- Plesiopliopithecus rhodanica Ginsburg & Mein, 1980
- Anapithecus Kretzoi, 1975
- Anapithecus hernyaki Kretzoi, 1975
- Laccopithecus Wu & Pan, 1984
- Laccopithecus robustus Wu & Pan, 1984
- Plesiopliopithecus Zapfe, 1961
- Cruouzeliinae Ginsburg & Mein, 1980
Pliopithecoidea, incertae sedis
editar- Paidopithex Pohlig, 1895
- Paidopithex rhenanus Pohlig, 1895
- Victoriapithecidae von Koenigswald, 1969
- Victoriapithecus von Koenigswald, 1969
- Victoriapithecus macinnesi von Koenigswald, 1969
- Prohylobates Fourtau, 1918
- Prohylobates tandyi Fourtau, 1918
- Prohylobates simonsi Delson, 1979
- Cercopithecidae Gray, 1821
- Colobinae Jernon, 1867
- Tribus: Colobini
- Microcolobus Benefit & Pickford, 1986
- Microcolobus tugenensis Benefit & Pickford, 1986
- Rhinocolobus M.G. Leakey, 1982
- Rhinocolobus turkanaensis M.G. Leakey, 1982
- Microcolobus Benefit & Pickford, 1986
- Colobinae, incertae sedis
- Mesopithecus Wagner, 1839
- Mesopithecus pentelicus Wagner, 1839
- Mesopithecus monspessulanus Gervais, 1849
- Rhinopithecus É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812
- Subgenus Rhinopithecus É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812
- Rhinopithecus (Rhinopithecus) lantianensis Hu & Qi, 1978
- Dolichopithecus Depéret, 1889
- Dolichopithecus ruscinensis Depéret, 1889
- Libypithecus Stromer, 1913
- Libypithecus markgrafi Stromer, 1913
- Presbytis Eschscholtz, 1821
- Presbytis sivalensis Lydekker, 1878
- Semnopithecus Desmarest, 1822
- Semnopithecus palaeindicus Lydekker, 1884
- Parapresbytis Kalmykov & Maschenko, 1992
- Parapresbytis eohanuman Berissoglebskaya, 1981
- Cercopithecoides Mollett, 1947
- Cercopithecoides kimeui M.G. Leakey, 1982
- Cercopithecoides williamsi Mollett, 1947
- Paracolobus R.E.F. Leakey, 1969
- Paracolobus chemeroni R.E.F. Leakey, 1969
- Paracolobus mutiwa M.G. Leakey, 1969
- Mesopithecus Wagner, 1839
- Cercopithecinae Gray, 1821
- Tribus: Papionini
- Subtribus: Macanina
- Macaca Lacépède, 1799
- Macaca anderssoni Schlosser, 1924
- Macaca jiangchuanensis Pan et al., 1992
- Macaca libyca Stromer, 1920
- Macaca majori Schaub & Azzaroli in Comaschi Caria, 1969 (ás vezes incluído em M. sylvanus)
- Procynocephalus Schlosser, 1924
- Procynocephalus subhimalayanus von Meyer, 1848
- Procynocephalus wimani Schlosser, 1924
- Paradolichopithecus Necrasov et al., 1961
- Paradolichopithecus arvernensis Depéret, 1929
- Macaca Lacépède, 1799
- Subtribus: Papionina
- Parapapio Jones, 1937
- Parapapio ado Hopwood, 1936
- Parapapio antiquus Haughton, 1925
- Parapapio broomi Jones, 1937
- Parapapio jonesi Broom, 1940
- Parapapio whitei Broom, 1940
- Dinopithecus Broom, 1937
- Dinopithecus ingens Broom, 1937
- Gorgopithecus Broom & Robinson, 1946
- Gorgopithecus major Broom, 1940
- Theropithecus I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1843
- Subgenus: Theropithecus Delson, 1993
- Theropithecus (Theropithecus) darti Broom & Jensen, 1946
- Theropithecus (Theropithecus) oswaldi Andrews, 1916
- Subgenus: Omopithecus Delson, 1993
- Theropithecus (Omopithecus) baringensis R.E.F. Leakey, 1969
- Theropithecus (Omopithecus) brumpti Arambourg, 1947
- Theropithecus (Omopithecus) quadratirostris Iwamoto, 1982
- Papio
- Papio izodi Gear, 1926
- Parapapio Jones, 1937
- Proconsulidae Leakey, 1963
- Proconsulinae Leakey, 1963
- Proconsul Hopwood, 1933
- Proconsul africanus Hopwood, 1933
- Proconsul heseloni Walker et al., 1993
- Proconsul major Le Gros Clark & Leakey, 1950
- Proconsul nyanzae Le Gros Clark & Leakey, 1950
- Proconsul Hopwood, 1933
- Nyanzapithecinae Harrison, 2002
- Nyanzapithecus' Harrison, 1986
- Nyanzapithecus harrisoni Kunimatsu, 1997
- Nyanzapithecus pickfordi Harrison, 1986
- Nyanzapithecus vancouveringorum Andrews, 1974
- Mabokopithecus von Koenigswald, 1969
- Mabokopithecus clarki von Koenigswald, 1969
- Rangwapithecus Andrews, 1974
- Rangwapithecus gordoni Andrews, 1974
- Turkanapithecus Leakey & Leakey, 1986
- Turkanapithecus kalakolensis Leakey & Leakey, 1986
- Nyanzapithecus' Harrison, 1986
- Proconsulinae Leakey, 1963
- Dendropithecidae Harrison, 2002
- Dendropithecus Andrews & Simons, 1977
- Dendropithecus macinnesi Le Gros Clark & Leakey, 1950
- Micropithecus Fleagle & Simons, 1978
- Micropithecus clarki Fleagle & Simons, 1978
- Micropithecus leakeyorum Harrison, 1989
- Simiolus Leakey & Leakey, 1987
- Simiolus enjiessi Leakey & Leakey, 1987
- Griphopithecidae Begun, 2002
- Griphopithecus Abel, 1902
- Griphopithecus africanus Begun, 2002
- Griphopithecus alpani Tekkaya, 1974
- Griphopithecus darwini Abel, 1902
- Hominidae Gray, 1825
- Afropithecinae Andrews, 1992
- Afropithecus Leakey & Leakey, 1986
- Afropithecus turkanensis Leakey & Leakey, 1986
- Heliopithecus Andrews & Martin, 1987
- Heliopithecus leakeyi Andrews & Martin, 1987
- Nacholapithecus Ishida et al., 1999
- Nacholapithecus kerioi Ishida et al., 1999
- Equatorius Ward et al., 1999
- Equatorius africanus Ward et al., 1999
- Afropithecus Leakey & Leakey, 1986
- Kenyapithecinae Leakey, 1962
- Kenyapithecus Leakey, 1962
- Kenyapithecus wickeri Leakey, 1962
- Kenyanthropus platyops Leakey et al., 2001
- Kenyapithecus Leakey, 1962
- Homininae Gray, 1825
- Tribus: Dryopithecini
- Dryopithecus Lartet, 1856
- Dryopithecus brancoi Schlosser, 1901
- Dryopithecus crusafonti Begun, 1992
- Dryopithecus fontani Lartet, 1856
- Dryopithecus laietanus Villalta & Crusafont, 1944
- Dryopithecus wuduensis Xue & Delson, 1988
- Ouranopithecus Bonis & Melentis, 1977
- Ouranopithecus macedoniensis Bonis & Melentis, 1977
- Dryopithecus Lartet, 1856
- Tribus: Gorillini
- Chororapithecus Suwa et al., 2007
- Chororapithecus abyssinicus Suwa et al., 2007
- Chororapithecus Suwa et al., 2007
- Tribus: Hominini
- Sahelanthropus Brunet et al., 2002
- Sahelanthropus tchadensis Brunet et al., 2002
- Ardipithecus White et al., 1995
- Ardipithecus ramidus White et al., 1994
- Ardipithecus kadabba
- Australopithecus Dart, 1925
- Australopithecus anamensis Leakey et al., 1995
- Australopithecus afarensis Johanson et al., 1978
- Australopithecus bahrelghazali Brunet et al., 1995
- Australopithecus africanus Dart, 1925
- Australopithecus garhi Asfaw et al., 1999
- Australopithecus sediba
- Paranthropus Broom, 1938
- Paranthropus aethiopicus Arambourg & Coppens, 1968
- Paranthropus boisei Leakey, 1959
- Paranthropus robustus Broom, 1938
- Homo Linnaeus, 1758
- Homo habilis Leakey et al., 1964
- Homo erectus Dubois, 1892
- Homo rudolfensis Alexeev, 1986
- Homo georgicus Vekua et al., 2002
- Homo ergaster Groves & Mazak, 1975
- Homo antecessor Bermúdez de Castro et al., 1997
- Homo cepranensis Mallegni et al., 2003
- Homo heidelbergensis Schoetensack, 1908
- Homo neanderthalensis King, 1864
- Homo rhodesiensis Woodward, 1921
- Homo floresiensis P. Brown et al., 2004
- Sahelanthropus Brunet et al., 2002
- Ponginae Elliot, 1913
- Tribus: Sivapithecini
- Sivapithecus Pilgrim, 1910
- Sivapithecus indicus Pilgrim, 1910
- Sivapithecus parvada Kelley, 1988
- Sivapithecus sivalensis Lydekker, 1879
- Gigantopithecus von Koenigswald, 1935
- Gigantopithecus blacki von Koenigswald, 1935
- Gigantopithecus giganteus Pilgrim, 1915
- Ankarapithecus Ozansoy, 1965
- Ankarapithecus meteai Ozansoy, 1965
- Sivapithecus Pilgrim, 1910
- Tribus: Lufengpithecini
- Lufengpithecus Wu, 1987
- Lufengpithecus chiangmuanensis Chaimanee et al., 2003
- Lufengpithecus hudiensis Zhang et al., 1987
- Lufengpithecus keiyuanensis Woo, 1957
- Lufengpithecus lufengensis Xu et al., 1978
- Lufengpithecus Wu, 1987
- Oreopithecinae Schalbe, 1915
- Oreopithecus Gervais, 1872
- Oreopithecus bamboli Gervais, 1872
- Oreopithecus Gervais, 1872
- Afropithecinae Andrews, 1992
- Hominidae, incertae sedis
- Graecopithecus von Koenigswald, 1972
- Graecopithecus freybergi von Koenigswald, 1972
- Otavipithecus Conroy et al., 1992
- Otavipithecus namibiensis Conroy et al., 1992
- Samburupithecus Ishida & Pickford, 1997
- Samburupithecus kiptalami Ishida & Pickford, 1997
- Orrorin Senut et al., 2001
- Orrorin tugenensis Senut et al., 2001
- Hominoidea, incertae sedis
- Pierolapithecus Moyà-Solà, 2004
- Pierolapithecus catalaunicus Moyà-Solà, 2004
- Morotopithecus Gebo et al., 1997
- Morotopithecus bishopi Gebo et al., 1997
Ver também
editarLeitura recomendada
editar- Weiss, M.L., & Mann, A.E (1985). 'Human Biology and Behaviour: An anthropological perspective 4ª ed. Boston: Little Brown. ISBN 0-673-39013-6
- Jones, Steve; Martin, Robert D.; Pilbeam, David R (Editors). (1994). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human evolution. [S.l.]: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-46786-1
- Hartwig, Walter (2002). The Primate Fossil Record. [S.l.]: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-08141-2
Referências
- ↑ a b Rasmussen, D. T. (2002). «The origin of Primates». In: Hartwig, W. C. The Primate Fossil Record. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 5–9. ISBN 978-0-521-08141-2
- ↑ Covert, H. H. (2002). «The earliest fossil Primates and the evolution of Prosimians: Introduction». In: Hartwig, W. C. The Primate Fossil Record. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 13–20
- ↑ Lee, M. (1999). «Molecular Clock Calibrations and Metazoan Divergence Dates». Journal of Molecular Evolution. 49 (3): 385–391. PMID 10473780. doi:10.1007/PL00006562
- ↑ Field Museum. «Scientists Push Back Primate Origins From 65 Million To 85 Million Years Ago». Science Daily. Consultado em 11 de fevereiro de 2013
- ↑ Tavaré, S., Marshall, C. R., Will, O., Soligo, C. & Martin R.D. (2002). «Using the fossil record to estimate the age of the last common ancestor of extant primates». Nature. 416 (6882): 726–729. PMID 11961552. doi:10.1038/416726a
- ↑ Dawkins, R. (2005). The Ancestor’s Tale. A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Evolution. Boston, New York: Mariner Books. pp. 160–168
- ↑ Willoughby, P. (2005). «Palaeoanthropology and the evolutionary place of humans in nature». International Journal of Comparative Psychology. 18 Texto "páginas60-91}" ignorado (ajuda)
- ↑ Hartwig, W. C. (2002). The Primate Fossil Record. [S.l.]: Cambridge University Press. 544 páginas. ISBN 978-0-521-08141-2
- ↑ ICZN (1999). «Article 51. Citation of names of authors». International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN)
- ↑ Tabuce, R., Marivaux, L., Lebrun, R., Adaci, M., Bensalah, M., Fabre, P. H., ... & Mahboubi, M. (2009). «Anthropoid versus strepsirhine status of the African Eocene primates Algeripithecus and Azibius: craniodental evidence». Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 276 (1676): 4087-4094. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.1339
- ↑ a b Godinot, M. (2010). «Chapter 19: Paleogene Prosimians». In: Werdelin, L.; Sanders, W.J. Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. [S.l.]: University of California Press. p. 327. ISBN 978-0-520-25721-4
- ↑ Godinot, M. (2006). «Lemuriform origins as viewed from the fossil record.». Folia Primatologica. 77 (6): 446-464
- ↑ a b Franzen, Jens L. «Complete Primate Skeleton from the Middle Eocene of Messel in Germany: Morphology and Paleobiology». PLoS ONE. 4 (5): e5723. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.5723F. PMC 2683573 . PMID 19492084. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005723
- ↑ Godino, M. (2010). «Chapter 19: Paleogene Prosimians». In: Werdelin, L.; Sanders, W.J. Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. [S.l.]: University of California Press. p. 326. ISBN 978-0-520-25721-4
- ↑ Mittermeier, R., Ganzhorn, J., Konstant, W., Glander, K., Tattersall, I., Groves, C., Rylands, A., Hapke, A., Ratsimbazafy, J., Mayor, M., Louis, E., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C. & Rasoloarison, R. (2008). «Lemur Diversity in Madagascar». International Journal of Primatology. 29 (6): 1607–1656. doi:10.1007/s10764-008-9317-y